Climate, environmental and socio-economic change may negatively impact ecosystems and their services. But it may also provide opportunities such as increased agricultural and silvicultural production. A Grand Challenge is to integrate the private and public value of ecosystem services into management and policy and take projected impacts of climate, land-use and other drivers of change into account.

The design and assessment of adaptation strategies needs to build on future projections and their uncertainties. It also needs to build on studies of motivations, behaviours and interactions of stakeholders and institutions facing different adaptation choices, with different and sometimes conflicting goals.

Tools are needed that can describe key aspects of change, and consequences of proposed adaptation measures, in terms of metrics of interest to decision-makers - ranging from farmers and forest owners to regulators, policy makers, government agencies dependent industries. This while accounting for governance factors that may help or hinder the realisation of adaptation goals.

In the video below, Cecilia Akselsson and Yann Clough, will give you some concrete examples on how practical work is conducted under this theme :